Thursday, January 30, 2020
Ebola Study Essay Example for Free
Ebola Study Essay DALLAS  The Texas nurse who contracted Ebola while caring for the first person to die of the virus in the U.S. has been identified as 26-year-old Nina Pham. Health officials have not released the nurse’s name, but Yahoo News identified Pham through public records and a state nursing database. Then on Monday, Pham’s family confirmed her identity to local Dallas ABC News affiliate WFAA. Pham, a critical care nurse at Texas Health Presbyterian Dallas, is one of at least 50 people who cared for Thomas Eric Duncan before he passed away last Wednesday. Pham has been in isolation since late Friday. The CDC confirmed her Ebola diagnosis on Sunday. It is the first time the deadly virus has ever been transmitted in the United States. The Dallas resident is a 2010 graduate of Texas Christian University and has been a nurse since June 2010, according to state records. CDC director Dr. Thomas Frieden said Pham is in stable condition at Texas Health Presbyterian. An unidentified person Pham had close contact with last week is also in isolation at the hospital, but Frieden said that individual has not become ill. Investigators have not determined how Pham specifically contracted the disease from Duncan, who died on his 10th day of intensive care at Texas Health Presbyterian. If this one individual was infected and we dont know how  within the isolation unit  then it is possible that other individuals could have been infected as well, Frieden said during a press conference. We consider them to be at risk and we are doing an in-depth review and investigation. A day earlier, Frieden characterized the transmission from Duncan to Pham as a possible breach in safety protocols. On Monday he apologized for those remarks. Some interpreted that as finding fault with the hospital or the health care worker, and Im sorry if that was the impression given, that was certainly not my intention, Frieden said. What we need to do, is all take responsibility for improving the safety of those on the front lines. I feel awful that a health care worker became infected in the care of an Ebola patient. She was there trying to help the first patient survive. Tom Ha, a longtime friend of Phams family, told the Dallas Morning News that it is in the nurses genes to go out of her way to assist others. I expect, with the big heart that she has, she went beyond what she was supposed to do to help anyone in need, Ha told the newspaper
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Epic of Beowulf Essay - Armor in the Epic Poem, Beowulf -- Epic Beowul
Armor in the poem Beowulf     Armor mentioned in the poem Beowulf include helmets and chain mail. There are an incredible number of references to these battle-apparel in the poem, making this topic of armor a very relevant one to consider.  â€Å"Helmets are the most dramatic and often quoted item of armor found in Beowulf,†says Catherine M. Hills in â€Å"Beowulf and Archaeology.†Indeed, examining the poem, one finds copious references to helmets in just the first 400 lines of the poem:                                                 Boar-figures gleamed over plated cheek-guards,        inlaid with gold; shining, fire-hardened,  fierce war-masks guarded their lives (303-6) iron-gray corselets,                  and grim mask-helmets (334) the Geatish leader                    spoke in his turn, strong in his helmet (341-2) Now you may enter,                in your battle-armor, wearing war-masks (395-6)                                                Brave in his helmet [he advanced] till he stood       before the king (403-4)  â€Å"Beowulf’s own helmet was ‘inlaid with gold, hooped with lodly bands, and decorated with effigies of boars’†(Arnold 91). In Europe there have been found about 100 helmets dating mostly to the sixth and seventh centuries; of the three types, two are from the Romans. 37 are of the English-Scandinavian type, with a ridge running across the top from nose to rear. Some of these were found buried in cremations in Gotland. In England only three Anglo-Saxon helmets have been found: Benty Grange – 7th century; York – 8th Century; Sutton Hoo – 6th century. section of chain-mail was found attached to the York helmet as a nec... ...tion and design in the making of helmets especially.  BIBLIOGRAPHY   Arnold, Ralph. â€Å"Royal Halls – the Sutton Hoo ShipBurial.†In Beowulf: The Donaldson Translation, edited by Joseph F. Tuso. New York, W.W.Norton and Co.: 1975  Chickering, Howell D.. Beowulf A dual-Language Edition. New York: Anchor Books, 1977.  Clark, George. Beowulf. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990.  Cramp, Rosemary. â€Å"Beowulf and Archaeology.†In TheBeowulf Poet, edited by Donald K. Fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.  Hills, Catherine M. â€Å"Beowulf and Archaeology.†In A Beowulf Handbook, edited by Robert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, Nebraska: Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997.  Stanley, E.G.. â€Å"Beowulf.†In The Beowulf Reader, edited by Peter S. Baker. New York: Garland Publishing, 2000.
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Monday, January 6, 2020
Native Speaker - Definition and Examples in English
In language studies, native speaker is a controversial term for a person who speaks and writes using his or her native language (or mother tongue). Put simply, the traditional view is that the language of a native speaker is determined by birthplace. Contrast with non-native speaker. Linguist Braj Kachru identifies native speakers of English as those who have grown up in the Inner Circle of countriesâ€â€Britain, America, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. An extremely proficient speaker of a second language is sometimes referred to as a near-native speaker. When a person acquires a second-language at a very young age, the distinction between native and non-native speaker becomes ambiguous. A child may be a native speaker of more than one language as long as the acquisition process starts early, says Alan Davies. After puberty (Felix, 1987), it becomes difficultâ€â€not impossible, but very difficult (Birdsong, 1992)â€â€to become a native speaker. (The Handbook of Applied Linguistics, 2004). In recent years, the concept of the native speaker has come under criticism, especially in connection with the study of World English, New Englishes, and English as a Lingua Franca:  While there may be linguistic differences between native and non-native speakers of English, the native speaker is really a political construct carrying a particular ideological baggage (Stephanie Hackert in World Englishes--Problems, Properties and Prospects, 2009). Examples and Observations The terms native speaker and non-native speaker suggest a clear-cut distinction that doesnt really exist. Instead it can be seen as a continuum, with someone who has complete control of the language in question at one end, to the beginner at the other, with an infinite range of proficiencies to be found in between.(Caroline Brandt, Success on Your Certificate Course in English Language Teaching. Sage, 2006) The Common-Sense View The concept of a native speaker seems clear enough, doesnt it? It is surely a common sense idea, referring to people who have a special control over a language, insider knowledge about their language. . . . But just how special is the native speaker? This common-sense view is important and has practical implications, . . . but the common-sense view alone is inadequate and needs the support and explanation given by a thorough theoretical discussion is lacking.(Alan Davies, The Native Speaker: Myth and Reality. Multilingual Matters, 2003) The Ideology of the Native Speaker Model [T]he notion of native speaker--sometimes referred to as the ideology of the native speaker modelâ€â€in the field of second language education has been a powerful principle that influences almost every aspect of language teaching and learning . . .. The notion of native speaker takes for granted the homogeneity among, and superiority of the linguistic competence of native speakers and legitimizes the unequal power relations between native and non-native speakers. (Neriko Musha Doerr and Yuri Kumagai, Towards a Critical Orientation in Second Language Education. The Native Speaker Concept. Walter de Gruyter, 2009) An Ideal Native Speaker I know several foreigners whose command of English I could not fault, but they themselves deny they are native speakers. When pressed on this point, they draw attention to such matters as . . . their lack of awareness of childhood associations, their limited passive knowledge of varieties, the fact that there are some topics which they are more comfortable discussing in their first language. I couldn’t make love in English, said one man to me. . . . In an ideal native speaker, there is a chronologically based awareness, a continuum from birth to death where there are no gaps. In an ideal non-native speaker, this continuum either does not start with birth, or if it does, the continuum has been significantly broken at some point. (I’m a case of the latter, in fact, having been brought up in a Welsh-English environment until nine, then moving to England, where I promptly forgot most of my Welsh, and would no longer now claim to be a native speaker, even though I have many childhood associations and instinctive forms.)(David Crystal, quoted by T. M. Paikeday in The Native Speaker Is Dead: An Informal Discussion of a Linguistic Myth. Paikeday, 1985)
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